Combination of Microsoft Dynamics and Microsoft BizTalk Server Research Paper

Combination of Microsoft Dynamics and Microsoft BizTalk Server - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Microsoft Corporation is an American based multination corporation with its headquarters in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft is a business empire that develops, supports manufacturers, and licenses numerous products and services that are related to computing. Paul Allen and Bill Gates founded Microsoft Company on April 4, 1945.   Since then, Microsoft Corporation has grown to be the world’s largest software manufacturer by revenue. Notably, Microsoft Corporation is one of the most valuable companies in the world. Microsoft was established to manufacture and sell the Altair 8800 BASIC interpreters. In the mid-1980s, this company ventured into selling personal computers operating systems, particularly the MS-DOS. This was followed by Microsoft Windows operating systems. In the year 1986, Microsoft initiated public offering that led to the rise in its share prices. Since the early 1990s, Microsoft Corporation has increasingly diver sified into numerous operating system markets that have made it acquire numerous corporates. For instance, in May 2011, it acquired Skype Technologies at the value of $8.5 billion, and Skype has been Microsoft’s largest acquisition since its advent. Notably, Microsoft’s key business process is remarkably candid in that it develops software then distributed to users who purchase either directly from the Microsoft Corporation or through the company's outlet agencies or companies that have rights to sell through them.... Nonetheless, the Microsoft’s workflow diagram can be presented as in the diagram below: Microsoft’s Business Operations Microsoft Dynamics This is a business management solution that aims at streamlining and automating financial and customer relationship as well as supply chain processes in order to derive Microsoft’s businesses to success (Griffin, 2012). Microsoft dynamics is integrated business management solution that was adapted by the organization to enable it to make business decisions with immense confidence (Ward, 2012). Automation and streamlining of customer relationship, financial and supply chain processes through Microsoft Dynamics enables the organization to consolidate technologies, processes, and people towards increasing effectiveness and productivity of the business as well as driving the business to be driven to success. The Microsoft Dynamics operates in the same ways as other Microsoft software such as Microsoft office; thereby, it decreases the staff extensive learning requirements (Page, 2010). Notably, the Microsoft Dynamics software easily works with other systems already installed and implement in the organization. The Microsoft BizTalk Server Microsoft BizTalk Server is a process management server that helps the organization to connect to processes, information, and people across extended enterprises. The Microsoft BizTalk Server enables the organization to optimize and automate its business processes; thus, helping it to grow. The Microsoft BizTalk Server was introduced in the year 2006 and has enable Microsoft to expose its data and processes in real time. Moreover, this system has helped the organization to decrease costs, optimize business

OD Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

OD - Coursework Example The aforementioned points are essential since training of workers ensures professionalism and growth. Leaders must also be able to come up with mechanisms to solve issues so as to reduce resistance to changes. Moreover, motivation is important in enhancing morale and guaranteeing a balanced workplace. Leaders should also be able to come up with structures that guarantee proficiency, increase the level of support, morale, and heighten employee retention rate. Continuity of leadership is also vital in making sure that effective decisions are made and problems solved on time. Although the author has made informative remarks and suggestions on how leaders can make sure that there is professionalism and on ways they can train their workers, it is unfortunate that he has failed to give more detailed information on how employees can be motivated. He only mentions the benefits that come with motivating the workforce, but not ways in which this can be achieved. He should have pointed some of the motivation strategies such as recognizing, promoting, providing benefits such as health, and increasing employees’ salary among others. On the same note, he asserts that training of employees is important, but does not give reasons why leaders should do it. Such reasons may have included increasing the rate of retention, heightening productivity, and reducing work oriented flaws. Dobriansky, J. (2005). Critical issues in organizational development. Retrieved from

Types Of Risks Associated With Tourism Tourism Essay

Types Of Risks Associated With Tourism Tourism Essay A fundamental worldwide issue is to critically assess how potential holiday seekers perceive the concept of risk and safety as related to tourism. It is particularly essential in the actual political and socio-economic situation when travellers are facing an increasing risk when they travel away from their usual place of stay. Today, the probability of risk that an individual will be a victim of terrorism, international conflict, health hazard or natural disaster is very considerable. If the tourism industry is going to be successful, a thorough understanding of international tourists perceptions of risk and safety is required. Ensuring safety is therefore a prerequisite and the minimum for the basic operations of the tourism industry. As a result, the issues of risk and safety within the tourism industry justify attention and research. Many researchers make a clear distinction between safety and security but some tourism and hospitality researchers do not. It is important to know that tourism security and safety are not alike to other forms of security and safety. Due to the unique characteristics of the service industry in which the tourism industry forms part, some researchers have come up with a new definition; Rather than divide safety from security, some tourists experts merge these two notions into one overall term, tourism surety, (Tarlow, 2007b). Assuring people of safety and security at destinations is an essential condition for tourism growth (Cavlek, 2002). Nature of Tourism By its very nature, tourism is a worldwide and strongly competitive sector. Although naturally exposed to economic crunch, natural calamities and outbreaks of warfare and epidemics, international tourism has shown significant resilience in recuperating from the hostile effects of such harmful, but short-term, factors. However, not only does the buyer have to spend relatively huge amount of his/her disposable income to buy the tourism product, he also sees it in a subjective and experiential manner. As a result, tourism is highly sensitive to perceptions of danger and lack of safety and security. It is in this framework that lack of safety and security and occurrences of crime represent a more severe menace to travel and tourism than any other negative factor. Tourism and travel is now considered one of the worlds largest industries: the UNWTOs (United Nations World Tourism Organization) Tourism 2020 Vision forecasts that international arrivals are expected to reach nearly 1.6 billion by the year 2020. Of these worldwide arrivals in 2020, 378 million will be long-haul travellers and 1.2 billion will be intraregional (UNWTO, 2008). Types of risks associated with Tourism The five major risks associated with tourism are terrorism (Richter, 2003), war and political instability (Sonmez, Apostolopoulos, Tarlow, 1999), health (Richter, 2003), crime (Dimanche Lepetic, 1999), and cultural and language difficulties (BasalaKlenosky, 2001). These risks are of growing importance in the global tourism environment and present threats not only to tourists but also host societies and the tourists home nations (Richter, 2003). Type of risk Examples Crimes Possibility of being robbed, becoming a subject of rape or murder Cultural Possibility of experiencing difficulties in communicating with foreigners, cultural misunderstanding, inability to adjust to a foreign way of life and standards Equipment Possibility of mechanical, equipment, organizational problems occurring during travel or at destination (transportation, accommodation, attractions) Financial Possibility of not obtaining value for money; losing or wasting money if travel expectations are not fulfilled Health Possibility of becoming sick while traveling or at the destination Performance Possibility of not receiving holiday benefits due to the travel product or service not performing well Physical Possibility of being physically injured, includes danger and injury detrimental to health (accidents) Political Possibility of becoming involved in the political turmoil of the country being visited Psychological Possibility that travel experience will not reflect travelers personality or self-image, damage self-image, reflect poorly on personality Satisfaction Possibility of not achieving personal satisfaction and/or self-actualization with travel experience Source: Sonmez and Graefe (1998a); Basala and Klenosky (2001); Dimanche and Lepetic (1999). Safety and Security in the Tourism sector Tourisms primary goal is to fulfil peoples travel desire and holidays expectations. In order to achieve the above mentioned goals, providers of tourist facilities need to make sure that safety and security of their guests are respected. The tourism industry is safety and security dependent (Tarlow Santana, 2002). Perceptions of safety greatly influence tourists intentions to travel internationally. Lack of safety is a strong predictor of tourists avoiding some tourist destinations (Sonmez Graefe, 1998a). Also it is important to know that: Perceptions of travel risk, anxiety, and perceptions of safety are important determinants of international travel (Reisinger Mavondo, 2005). The issue of Safety and Security has gained more importance in the Tourism industry during the past decade. The safety component of the tourism health and safety problem has received relatively little attention from tourism and safety management researchers. This particular topic is of fundamental importance globally when we aim at providing quality service in the tourism sector. Safety and security has been identified as one of the five global forces that will drive the tourism industry in the new millennium (Chiang 2000). Successful tourism development is subject to the reduction of risks associated within a destination. Quality service being an important dimension of the tourism industry; safety and security need to be put forward in order to achieve our objective of quality service. Compared to any other economic activity, the tourism sector is highly dependent on our ability to accommodate our guests with a secure and safe environment. In tourist destination areas, it has been n oted that tourists are more likely to be potential victims of crimes. According to Ryan (1993), crime can impede tourism by wielding a significant blow to the fragile nature of a destinations safe image. It is therefore very important to capitalise all our efforts to providing a crime free destination for the tourists. Tourism is also about providing quality experience to the guests. Safety and security are seen as a priori for a prosperous tourism industry in any destination (Pizam et al., 1997; Neumayer, 2004). The UNWTO includes safety and security as a determinant of quality tourist product (UNWTO, 2003). For a tourism product or service to comply with the UNWTOs safety and security standard, it should not pose a threat to the life, health and other interests, and integrity of the consumer. As outlined by the UNWTO, the concern for safety and security is reflected in several components of tourism experience, including health, cleanliness of accommodation facilities, and reliable and accurate information. Tourists attributes Tourists clearly possess a number of characteristics which account for their increased vulnerability (Sparks 1982). Tourists are tempting targets because they are known to carry large sums of money (Fujii and Mak 1980; Chesney-Lind and Lind 1986). They also carry items of value such as cameras, cash and credit cards (Ryan 1993). Here are three definitions that explain in details the attributes of holidaying tourists and how these attributes can put their safety and security in jeopardy. Due to those luxury and expensive equipment that they usually carry with them, they can be easily spotted. Parallel to the growth of tourism, many coastal areas of Mauritius continue to experience significant social problems. Many people in these areas are still underprivileged, and the poverty gap between the rich and the poor remains among the highest. Tourists are viewed as rich people and this can create a feeling of resentment or frustration from the local population as they usually do not posses s the same luxury goods and would like to have the same. The latter are thus tempted to enter into illegal actions such as attacking tourists to steal their belongings. How to address such issues? This is the real question here. These luxury and expensive items are needed to make their stay in a particular destination memorable, we cannot deny it. Taking pictures and filming the destination both form part of the traditions and folklore of the tourism industry. For these guests it is a way to immortalise their unique experience at the destination, hence, we cannot forbid tourists to carry those expensive equipment while they are on holidays on our island but instead we should provide them with a secure and safe environment where they shall feel comfortable to move around. Tourist perceptions on a destinations level of safety Furthermore, if tourists have a negative impression of a destination where they feel threatened or unsafe, they shall develop a negative attitude towards that particular destination whereby customer loyalty is likely to suffer a lot. For example, because of the US-Libya military confrontation in 1985, nearly two million Americans changed their foreign travel plans in 1986, which resulted in a 30% decrease in visitation compared with the previous year. (Richter Waugh, 1986; So ¨nmez Graefe, 1998b; Edgell, 1990). This can impact badly on the tourism industry in the area and thus induce a decline in tourists arrivals in the area. According to George (2003: 577), this can happen in the following ways: (1) Prospective tourist may decide not to visit the destination because it has a reputation for having a high crime rate. (2) If tourists feel unsafe at a destination, they are not likely to take part in activities outside their accommodation facility. (3) Tourists who have felt threate ned or unsafe are not likely to return to the destination, and they are not likely to recommend the destination to others. So ¨nmez Graefe (1998b) indicated that despite the tourism industrys worldwide economic strength, terrorism and political turmoil present major challenges to the industry. For instance the political unrest that is present in various African countries like Egypt, Tunisia and Libya has contributed to a negative impact on these countries as potential tourist destinations. It is therefore very important to portray a very positive image of a tourist destination, otherwise this could impede badly on the reputation of the destination. According to South African Tourism Brand Tracker, in January 2005 (DEAT 2005:29), 22-25 million potential travellers across eight key markets (the USA, the UK, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Australia, India and China) did not consider South Africa as a travel destination over the past 5 years because they were concerned about safety. The persisting perception that South Africa is an unsafe destination, with an uncontrollable crime situation, can also influence the potential tourists decision-making process (Minnaar 2007:13; Van Niekerk and Oelofse 2007:1) not to attend the event If Mauritius or other island destinations were to witness such an unsuccessful marketing campaign in regards to its tourism sector, this would be catastrophic for the economic survival of such destinations which are highly dependent upon tourists receipts. Crimes engaged against tourists are widely publicized around the globe and have an instant impact in terms of decreasing foreign visitor numbers and th e international image of the area as a tourist destination. Information on potential Risks at the destination Mawby (2000) proposed that tourists should be informed of the risks of visiting tourist areas in order to reduce fear of criminal incidents while holidaying. In a view of providing tourists with a high quality experience during their stay at a destination, they should be given sufficient information on the area. As such, they should be informed on the risks that are present in the tourist areas; hence they shall be better prepared to face any dramatic situations. It is also important that tourists are informed of the emergency processes to be adopted in case they are victim of any kind of crime. For instance, they should be given emergency telephone numbers e.g. Fire services, Police services, Hospital, Ambulance services etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ According to George (2002), tourists fear of crime might be derived from several sources, such as their own experience of crime, discussions about crime with their friends and acquaintances, exposure to crime through mass media (television, the in ternet, newspapers and radio), and perceptions of actual crime rates, as well as their perceptions of police effectiveness at the destination. It should be noted that perceived risk has a great influence on the guest during his stay at a particular destination although, that in reality, it does not exist. On the other side, an unperceived risk will not affect consumer behaviour even if it is real and tangible. However unperceived risk might be more dangerous as sometimes guests are not aware of their presence and therefore they are not prepared to face such situations. The tourism authority or other tourism linked organisations should acknowledge the fundamental role that media plays in projecting a good image of a tourism destination. It is how media will publicize crime committed against tourist and how the authorities through media will manage to reassure potential visitors of the level of safety available at the destination that will determine the long term success of a destination. Tsaur, Tzeng and Wang (1997) used an Analytic Hierarchy Process method to determine the weight of various risk evaluation criteria of six representative group package tour itineraries for Taiwanese tourists. Their study was intended to cover two main types of risk: physical risk which refers to the possibility that an individuals health is likely to be exposed to injury and sickness because of conditions such as law and order, weather, and hygiene; as well as equipments risk which refers to the dangers arising from the malfunctioning of equipment, such as insufficient telecommunication facilities, unsafe transportation, and breakdown of vehicles. Safety and Security of tourists should not be viewed at one side of the coin only, that is providing safety and security only in the hotel resort or while they are on tourist trips, the subject should be addressed in a more holistic way. Safety and Security of tourists should be the concern of the authorities at all times, hence places that are well known to be visited by tourists should be provided with a maximum level of security but not only while they are on official trips with hotel groups or Tour operators, it should be also while they are visiting on their own. Tourism is a part of the service sector whose unique characteristics (intangibility, inseparability, variability, and perishability) intensify the perceived risk compared to goods(Grà ¶nroos, 1990; Lovelock, 1996; Mitchell Greatorex, 1993; Zeithaml Bitner, 1996).We should not forget that the tourism product is exposed to factors, such as bad weather, unwelcoming host population, airport personnel on strike, inedibility of local food, terror, crime, political instability, disease, and natural disasters that account for the safety and security of tourists. Roehl and Fesenmaier (1992) were among the first to study risk perception in tourism. They asked their respondents about the types of risk present in vacations in general and about types of risk present during their most recent overnight trip. (Page and Hall 2002, Lynch (1960). They suggested that unfamiliarity and difficulties with environmental learning had implications for fear. Other studies have also stressed on the issue of overseas visitor unfamiliarity with the marine and road environments of the places they are visiting. One factor that can affect the safety and security perception of a destination is the level of familiarity with it. There is ample amount of literature on familiarity and its positive influence on destination image and subsequent behaviour (Milman and Pizam, 1995; Mackay and Fesenmaier, 1997; Sonmez and Graefe, 1998; Prentice and Andersen, 2000; Baloglu, 2001; Kim and Richardson, 2003; Prentice, 2004). An increased level of familiarity is purported to provid e rewards of security that outweigh potential rewards of uncertainty that is also highly likely to be costly (Burch, 1969, p. 132). Familiarity can be defined in different ways. Milman and Pizam (1995) defined familiarity as a dichotomous variable (familiar and unfamiliar) based on the existence of a previous visit. Several researchers investigated the influence of a prior visit and observed that visitors hold more accurate and positive images than non-visitors (Milman and Pizam, 1995; Selby and Morgan, 1996; Baloglu and McCleary, 1999; Richards, 2001; Rittichainuwat et al., 2001; Vogt and Andereck, 2003; Tasci, 2006 There is a tendency to think that the issue of safety and security is only at hotel but that is not always correct. Again the factor of addressing the issue in a holistic way comes forward. The picture should be viewed with all factors that make the environment of the tourism industry. The tourism industry is known to be a dynamic one which keeps on changing with time. It should not be viewed as a static industry; therefore safety and security are important factors that should be addressed the same way while dealing with tourists. The latter keep on changing, their needs and wants also. What used to be their top priority in terms of security and safety is not necessarily the same today. Therefore strategies should be amended when needed to adapt to these changes. Effects of terrorism and other forms of attacks on Tourism In the last decade, a series of safety and security events such as terrorism attacks, crimes, natural disasters, and accidents at destinations have increased. These events have prompted travellers to acquire more detailed information and knowledge about crimes, terrorism, political situations or safety and security at particular destinations (Sà ¶nmez Graefe, 1998a). The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on America spawned new and tightened security measures at corporations, airports, seaports, bus stations, train stations, sports stadiums and other places in the USA where large numbers of people, including tourists, are likely to gather for an event. (Borenstein 2001; Business Week, September 24, 2001; Merzer and Chatterjee 2001; Nieves and Samuels 2001): The tourists journey starts right after he/she has set foot out of his/her usual place of residence to travel to another destination to stay for more than 24 hours. After September 11, 2001 events, numerous attacks have been c arried out in Tunisia, Yemen, Morocco, Colombia, Indonesia, Philippines, and Saudi Arabia. There have been a number of terrorist attacks in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Egypt, and Iraq. After September 11, 2011 terrorist attack, safety and security of tourists has gained more importance. As mentioned earlier, the tourist experience does not occur only at the hotels, it is everywhere and 24/7. Tourism planners should therefore consider providing safety and security likewise. Since September 11, tourists have a constant apprehension to travel in the Middle East countries due to those attacks that have been perpetuated in those regions. War and political instability can deter tourists from travel. For example, the massacre in Tiananmen Square in China forced 11,500 tourists to cancel their visits to Beijing in 1989 (Gartner Shen, 1992). The Persian Gulf War in 1991 caused a massive redirection of tourists away from the Middle East. Even destinations such as Kenya and Tanzania that are far removed from the Middle East were negatively affected (Honey, 1999). The war on terror in Afghanistan has created a 54 percent decline in tourist visits to Nepal (Thapa, 2004).

The Global Fund :: Health, Diseases, HIV/AIDS

The threaded discussions have demonstrated that communicable diseases are the leading causes of illness, deaths, and disability in the African continent. In this regard, the economic costs in terms of prevention, treatment, and loss of productivity are undeniably enormous. Most, if not all of the human and financial resources allocated to Africa have focused on disease-specific intervention programs, such as prevention or treatment of malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Yellow fever, like malaria, is transmitted by mosquitoes and share similar symptoms. Although both diseases are preventable, there is a vaccine available for yellow fever. The yellow fever vaccine is expensive, and not readily available in poverty-stricken areas (Monath & Cetron, 2002). It is a concern for public health officials in Cote d’Ivoire when an outbreak occurred in January 2011 (Whittett, 2011). Since yellow fever occurs only in some parts of Africa and tropical South America, Staples, Gerschman and Fischer (2010) of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have recommended that travelers to these areas get the vaccine. In African nations besieged by economic instability and political turmoil, the disease has brought untold hardship and indescribable misery to its citizens. It is sad to note that children below the age of fifteen are most often infected with the disease. The United Nations Childen’s Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Bank have joined together to ensure that 33 African countries add the vaccine to its routine vaccination programs. These organizations have shown studies that the vaccine would be cost-effective (Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunizations, 2005). As pointed out, funding for the vaccine is a major problem and concern for these poverty-stricken economies. The WHO (2010) is launching an appeal to raise $30 million dollars to secure the vaccine stockpile for 2011 to 2015 for all 33 African countries. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) is an international financial organization that is completely funded by the world’s developed nations. The organization invests the world’s money for interventions against AIDS, TB and malaria. To date, it has committed US$ 21.7 billion in 150 countries to support large-scale prevention, treatment and care programs against the three diseases (The Global Fund, 2011). In Southern Africa, the Global fund allocated $2.

The Wealth Beneath Your Feet

SOIL LAB: The Wealth Beneath Your Feet Purpose: To determine potential growth based on tests of physical characteristics such as pH, fertility and consistency. Pre-Lab: TO start off our investigation, we had to gather soil. Our group decided to get it from below a tree, right next to the trunk. In terms on fertility, we rated our soil to be a 4 (1 being the least fertile, 10 being the most). We rated it rather high because it was in a place where it had not been tampered with making it better than others. Also, it was quite dark and matched up very well with diagrams online of fertile soil. (http://www. enchantedlearning. com/geology/soil/) TEST ONE: Collection of Soil and Observation of Soil Profile The first layer (O) we observed is the top layer, a layer of organic soil. It is made up of humus and leaf sediment. Below that (A) comes the topsoil. This is where seeds sprout and other plants roots grow. This layer is also made up of humus, but here are other mineral particles as well. Next is the eluviation layer (E). This layer contains mostly sand and silt. It is the eluviation layer because of the process that takes place here where minerals are lost as well as clay because of water dripping through the soil. The subsoil layer is next (B). This layer is made up of clay and mineral substances, it receives from the eater being dripped during the form the eluviation process eluviation process. ,Regoliath (C) lies beneath and is mostly just broken up bedrock. Lastly is the actual bedrock layer (R), essentially just unweathered rock.

Case Study on Calculous Cholecystitis Essay

I.Introduction A. Concepts in nutrition, medical nutrition therapy, and organ systems concerned Nutrition is the study of food in relation to health. The Food and Nutrition Council of the American Medical Association defined nutrition as the â€Å"science of food, the nutrients and other substances therein, their action, interaction and balance in relation to health and disease, and the processes by which the organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, utilizes and excrete food substances.† Nutrition is also concerned with the physiologic needs of the body in terms of specific nutrients, the means of supplying these nutrients through adequate diets, and the effects of failure to meet nutrient needs. In this similar viewpoint, nutrition is also concerned with the social, economic, cultural, and psychological implications of food and eating. Nutrition follows the four basics concepts, namely: 1.) Adequate nutrition is essential for health. 2.) Food items are classified according to content in terms of majority of nutrients, broadly classified as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins and water and are needed daily in the diet of humans. 3.) An adequate diet is the foundation of good nutrition, and it should consist of a wide variety of natural foods. 4.) Nutrients should be provided preformed in food, whereas a few may be synthesized within the body. 5.) Nutrients are interrelated and there should be metabolic balance in the body. 6.) The body constituents are in a dynamic state of equilibrium. 7.) Human requirements for certain nutrients are known quantitatively within certain limits. 8.) The effects of nutritional inadequacy are more than physical; behavioral patterns and mental performance are also compromised, and; 10.) Proper education, technical expertise in addition to the use of all resources available in the practice of nutrition will help upgrade the nutritional status of people. (Lagua, Claudio and Ruiz, 2004) Race has been a predisposing factor in developing gallstones. Westerners usually develop cholesterol stones, while Asians tend to have pigment or mixed stones. There has been an increasing prevalence of calculous cholecystitis in the Philippines. Whatever the type, size or origin of these stones, they can present with a variety of signs and symptoms. Stones develop in a sluggish, diseased gallbladder. Formation of stones may be due to infection, stagnation of the bile or changes in the chemical composition of the bile, overeating or poor eating habits. Obesity is highly associated with prevalence of gallstones. Prevalence increases with age, history of diabetes mellitus and elevated serum triglycerides ( Lagua, Claudio, 2011) The gallbladder may contain one large stone or many small ones. Infection accompanied by formation of gallstones is referred as calculous cholecystitis. Often times, people with gallstones must have their gallbladder removed through a process called cholecystectomy. Transition diets are given accordingly after surgery and if the patient advances to an oral diet post-surgery, intake of fat is allowed as tolerated. As an accessory organ, the gallbladder is fairly easy to live without. Once it is removed, bile travels from the liver directly into the small intestine. B. IMPORTANCE/ SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Disorder of the accessory organs present a significant impact on the absorption and nutritional status of an individual. Failure to give immediate treatment could bring about complications which are more difficult to manage. These complications may or may not possibly lead to death of an individual. This study was conducted to enable the students to practice his/ her skills on Diet Therapy I. It may help the students to understand better the disease condition, the actions and interactions of food and medications to the body and the rationale for the diet prescription for the case patient. Moreover, it would help the students, as well as the readers to draft a nutritional care plan for patients with calculous cholecystitis upon acquiring information about the disease through data collection. C. Objectives (General and Specific) The study generally aims to analyze, assess and give proper recommendations to a patient diagnosed with calculous cholecystitis. This study was also conducted to allow students to apply the knowledge gained in the lecture and laboratory class of Diet Therapy I. The study specifically aims to: 1) Gather all the necessary information from the patient’s medical records and the interview 2) Assess the patient’s nutritional status and disease condition base from the information obtained 3) Know the causes, signs and symptoms of the disease condition and its complications 4) Determine and relate the factors and causality for the formation of the patient’s disease 5) Interpret and relate the findings to the patient’s disease condition 6) Formulate a nutritional care plan for the patient 7) Provide a diet prescription appropriate for the condition of the patient 8) Provide short and long term intervention for the patient and other recommendation that could help the prevent disease condition of the patient. D. Limitations of the Study The case study is only limited to the disease condition of the patient with calculous cholecystitis and its possible complications if not given immediate intervention. Due to time constraints, the attending physician and nurse were not interviewed for further understanding of the disease. There was also no diet prescription written on the patient’s medical chart, thus, the hospital’s cycle menu was used as a basis for some computations and analysis. II. Methodology Students of Diet Therapy I were grouped into pairs and were asked to get a patient for the case study. Approved letters provided by instructors of Diet Therapy II, requesting for a case patient with infections, burns, surgery, allergies and diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract were personally submitted to different hospitals in Laguna. Laguna Provincial Hospital in Sta. Cruz Laguna accommodated the request, with the approval of the medical director and assistance of the attending physician, nurse and head nutritionist-dietitian. In the nurses’ station, the necessary information was gathered on the selected case patient and the medical records were copied as data for the study. An interview with the case patient followed afterwards. The patient, together with her aunt, was interviewed to collect necessary data such as personal information, nutritional and dietary history and the 24hr. food recall. Before the said interview, a questionnaire was formulated to systematically and completely obtain all the essential information for a better further analysis. Questions include the 24-hour food recall of the patient food intake (prior to admission and during confinement), personal data, signs and symptoms experienced, patient’s tolerance and acceptance to the food given in the hospital, and some other information that would be beneficial to the study. After data gathering, the case was analyzed and a case study was then formulated. This was done through evaluation of the disease condition of the patient and correlating the symptoms experienced by the patient with the clinical manifestation of the disease. The dietary and the medical intervention given to the patient were also analyzed. This included correlating the principle and rationale of the diet with the patients’ actual illness. The possible nutrient-drug interaction that can happen due to the prescribed medication to the patient was also analyzed. The result of the laboratory and biochemical findings of the patient was also interpreted. After this, the diet of the patient PTA and DC were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The diet was evaluated quantitatively by computing the CPF of the patient’s food intake and computing the adequacy of that diet. Qualitative evaluation, on the other hand, was used using RDA. After analyzing the recommendations given to the patient, short-term and long-term diet plan was prepared for the patient. In computing the desirable body weight (DBW), the Tanhausser’s Method. The WHO standards for body mass index served as the basis in determining whether the client’s nutritional status. Method I was used to determine the patient’s total energy requirement (TER) for long term intervention and the carbohydrates-protein-fat distribution was distributed using the non-protein calorie method. III. Theoretical Considerations A. Disease Condition Calculous cholecystitis or cholecystolithiasis, is caused by the precipitation of the substances contained in the bile, mainly cholesterol and bilirubin with accompanying inflammation. The bile is consisted of bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin, lecithin, fatty acids, electrolytes and water usually found in the plasma. The cholesterol formed in the bile has no function; it is only a by-product of bile salt formation and the presence is only linked in the excretion of bile. Cholesterol is normally insoluble in water and this is where lecithin and bile salts combine with it to form micelles. Inside the gallbladder, water and electrolytes are absorbed in the liver bile, causing it to be more concentrated. Lecithin and bile salts are not absorbed in the gallbladder, their concentrations increases alongside cholesterol’s. This is the mechanism of maintaining the solubility of cholesterol. B. Definitions and Classifications Cholecystitis – inflammation of the gallbladder. There has been an association of cholecystitis with cholelithiasis. There is almost always a close association with complete or partial obstruction of the stones formed inside the gallbladder. Cholelithiasis – gallstones that precipitated from bile, cholesterol or bilirubin due to impaired gallbladder function or excessive production of by-products from fat digestion. C. Etiology Gallstone formation is due to bile salt, pigments and cholesterol salt accumulation. The stones rub off on the walls of the gallbladder, causing pain and inflammation in the subsequent internal structures. There is also a link between elevated or abnormal estrogen levels with gallstone formation. D. Incidence/ Prevalence There is a 10% incidence of adults getting gallstones. Approximately, there are twice as many women who develop this disease and it increases with age: after 60 years old, there is a 10-15% prevalence in men while a 20-40% prevalence in women was noted. E. Pathology Gallstones obstruct bile flow and causes reflux and subsequent inflammation in the gallbladder. The inflammation is caused by chemical irritation from the concentrated bile, along with the swelling of the mucosal area and ischemia from venous congestion and stasis. Bacterial infections may be a complication and this could account for the infection and could reach the adjacent gallbladder through the circulation. Staphylococci and enterococci are the most common pathogens. Perforation of the gallbladder could lead to gangrene. F. Clinical Manifestations and Underlying Mechanisms Pain is evident in early cholecystolithiasis. There is similarity in the pain experienced with biliary colic and is usually felt after a fatty meal. Pain is experienced in the right upper quadrant and there is spasm in the right, subcostal region. There is elevation in total serum bilirubin, amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase. G. Prognosis After cholecystectomy, patients can return to work in a span of 1-6 weeks. IV. The Patient A. Personal Data The patient is Chastine Salazar, 28 years old, female admitted on January 3, 2013 at Laguna Provincial Hospital in Sta Cruz, Laguna. Her physician is Dr. Flores. B. Socio-Economic History The patient works as a registrar in the Head Office of AMA in Quezon City, Philippines. Due to her sedentary lifestyle, she and her husband jogs for 2 hours every weekend. Her middle-class income allows her to select food items of higher market value, thus chocolate is always present after every meal. The patient does not smoke nor drink but based on the interview, it was found out that she uses laxatives due to constipation problems. C. Present illness and chief complaint Patient has cholecystolithiasis with cholecystectomy as the surgical procedure of which 8 marble-sized gallstones were removed. Pain and vomiting was experienced by the patient and was immediately rushed to the hospital on January 3, 2013. D. Past Illnesses and surgery, allergies, hospitalization There were no family history of predisposing risk factors to cholecystolithiasis but it was found out from the interview that the patient has allergic reaction to sea foods and patient has allergic rhinitis of which she has treated before with steroids. E. Physical State of Health Patient has allergy to sea foods and has allergic rhinitis. Patient also has constipation of which she self-medicates with laxatives. G. Nutritional and Dietary History It was observed from the 24-hr food recall that the patient has frequent consumption of chocolates and carbonated beverages. There was also a high intake of fatty and fried food and dishes every day. Snacking patterns are also noted as the patient tends to overeat every 3 hours.

Themes in Jane Eyre essays

Themes in Jane Eyre essays In the following excerpt, Kramer examines the interplay between Jane's concern for equality and her urges to submit or rebel. The fact is that the motivating forces of Jane Eyre's personality are not sexual concepts at all but personal concepts. She reacts as she does to erotic situations not because of repressions or of desires to emasculate or castrate her menfolk but because she fully understands her own motivations. She also comprehends the significance of alternatives she is presented with, and the states of life that her choice of action can lead her to. Unlike the actions of modern protagonists, whose lives are a continual process of self-frustration and self-discovery, Jane's conform to her principles and her understanding of her moral and physical needs. Jane herself controls the point of view and provides the standards by which she herself and all the other characters are evaluated; thus she herself is not only the principal integrating force in the novel but is also the most complex character in the story, with instincts and standards at odds with each other. The psychological action will therefore be the interplay of divergent impulses within her, and the final reconciling or proper ordering of these impulses will be the principal part of the final resolution of the novel as a whole. She demonstrates her self-confessed impulsiveness, her vehemence, curiosity, and rebellious nature, she admits that she cannot live without love but is independent enough to castigate Mrs. Reed, the person whom in other circumstances it would be the most natural for her to love. Again, by the time she becomes involved with Rochester, she communicates clearly the various conflicting impulses that impel her to thought and action. She consciously allows her attraction to Rochester to have temporary sway, enjoys a sublimated coquetry with him in argument, uses both common sense and impassioned self-chastisement to rid her mind of fancies that ...

Free Essays on The Religious Effects On Early American History

Several nations contributed to the early American colonies. They were people of varied backgrounds, habits and theological ideas. Immigrants came in from England, France, Spain, as well as other places and started to form their own settlements with each settlement having its own culture. Despite their biggest cultural difference, religion, the time came for them to come together and they did it without any major distress. The Puritans of New England, the Friends of Pennsylvania , the Roman Catholics of Maryland and the Churchmen of Virginia, though often narrow in their theological views, manifested a common love of liberty, and acted upon the common rule that the majority should govern. Many of those who came to America did so to remove themselves from persecution in their homeland. For example, The Puritans came to America fleeing from the Church of England. They saw the flaws in the Church of England and came to a New land hoping to build a society on what they thought to be the proper religious standards. The ways and beliefs of the Puritans made them somewhat less tolerant than other colonial cultures, but they were making a slow progression from what they came from to the foundation of a new inclusive nation. Furthermore, The Quakers (Friends) of Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn, not only wanted to establish a place for their own people, but were also open to the idea of people with other belief systems living in and contributing to a larger society. The Society of Friends was one of the first early American cultures to really come close to what America is today. They realized that people of differing beliefs could come together and build a productive society if the people were willing to accept each other. Both the Puritans and Quakers had the similar goals which ultimately brought them together. The people of V... Free Essays on The Religious Effects On Early American History Free Essays on The Religious Effects On Early American History Several nations contributed to the early American colonies. They were people of varied backgrounds, habits and theological ideas. Immigrants came in from England, France, Spain, as well as other places and started to form their own settlements with each settlement having its own culture. Despite their biggest cultural difference, religion, the time came for them to come together and they did it without any major distress. The Puritans of New England, the Friends of Pennsylvania , the Roman Catholics of Maryland and the Churchmen of Virginia, though often narrow in their theological views, manifested a common love of liberty, and acted upon the common rule that the majority should govern. Many of those who came to America did so to remove themselves from persecution in their homeland. For example, The Puritans came to America fleeing from the Church of England. They saw the flaws in the Church of England and came to a New land hoping to build a society on what they thought to be the proper religious standards. The ways and beliefs of the Puritans made them somewhat less tolerant than other colonial cultures, but they were making a slow progression from what they came from to the foundation of a new inclusive nation. Furthermore, The Quakers (Friends) of Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn, not only wanted to establish a place for their own people, but were also open to the idea of people with other belief systems living in and contributing to a larger society. The Society of Friends was one of the first early American cultures to really come close to what America is today. They realized that people of differing beliefs could come together and build a productive society if the people were willing to accept each other. Both the Puritans and Quakers had the similar goals which ultimately brought them together. The people of V...

A promise made to you will not necessarily be enforceable

A promise made to you will not necessarily be enforceable Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . A promise made to you will not necessarily be enforceable Consideration means that a promise made to you will not necessarily be enforceable in the courts unless you can establish that you have  given something  for it. Suppose I promise to deliver a ton of gravel to you next week – you get your shovel and barrow ready, and I don’t turn up. I probably would not be liable to you in damages, because you haven’t given anything in return, and merely getting your barrow ready would not be sufficient reliance to make it enforceable. However, if at the time of making the arrangement, you said that you would pay me $10 per ton for the gravel that would be sufficient consideration.  A promise to pay  is sufficient to count as  giving something, even though the promise is not to be put into effect for some time yet.’’ What is Constitute Consideration? Consideration is one of the three essential elements of a valid contract. A promise is made withou t consideration; it does not constitute a valid contract and cannot be enforced in law. Only the contract that has valuable consideration is a valid contract. In a common promise unconfirmed by consideration is not a binding contract. A promise is give without consideration but is intended by the parties to affect an existing contract between them which has been acted upon by one party, and then such promise may be used as a defence by the party to enforce the existing contract. Valuable consideration has been defined as some right, interest, profit or benefit accuring to one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other at his request. Consideration may be executed or executor, but it may not be past, it need not be adequate, but it must be of some value; and it must move from the promise. In the case of Thomas v Thomas (1842) 114 ER 330, QB, the court held that even though the payment of  £1 a year towards the ground-ven t was a very small sum, it was a valuable consideration and enough to complete the contract. Consideration must be clearly associated with the promise, and past consideration is generally unacceptable. In the case of Re McArdle (1951) 1 All ER 905, CA, the occupants of a house carried out various repairs and improvement, and after the work was complete the beneficial owners of the house promise to pay for this work. They did not pay and the occupants sued. The court of an application held that the consideration for the promise was past and there was no contract. In another way, the occupants failed in the suit because the beneficial owners of the house made the promise after the work was complete. In another case Lampleigh v Braithwait (1615) 80 ER 255, Common Bench said that D asked P to get him a royal pardom. P successful in obtaining to pay him  £100. The majority of breach held that where D makes a request that P does his same service is performed, D promises to pay for it th e promise and the request go together and there is a binding contract. However, the performance of an existing duty cannot constitute consideration. In the case of Collins v Godefroy (1831) 109 ER 1040, KB, D’s subpoena P as a spectator. In court and promise to pay him some fee for his time. D did not pay, in the court held that since the subpoena compulsory a legal duty on P to appear at court, this cannot constitute consideration.

Modern day digital literacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Modern day digital literacy - Research Paper Example Over the past decade, the global community has embraced its use making it a necessity as success is becoming more dependent on an individual’s ability to use digital literacy. This research aims at tackling the impacts of digital literacy on productivity. This research, hence uses several literature reviews to identify the changes involved in productivity based on digital literacy identifying the major pros and cons. Secondary data are preferred in analyzing the trend the global economy is undertaken because of digital literacy. The aim of this research is to identify the relationship of digital literacy and productivity by discussing the impacts of digital literacy on productivity. The growth of digital literacy has been rampant over the past decades. This increment is global and is witnessed in all types jobs, thus meaning that digital literacy is a key component in increasing productivity. By analyzing the statistics of changes in productivity as digital literacy increases, it will be clear to identify the impacts and relationship of the two. Several researches over the last two decades on the impacts of digital literacy on productivity shows that as people continue to increase their knowledge of digital technology, they learn how to ease their workload thus increases productivity. The continued use of digital technology proves that the youth are no longer participating in technical skills as the availability of information helps them become more innovative unlike in the past where most of the work was technical. A research in New Zealand indicates that more than 94% of the people use computers and all organizations and businesses have embraced the use of the internet and computers amongst other digital devices. This illustrates that there is a growing trend in the need of digital literacy to fit in today’s business world (World Economic Forum.

Elementary education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Elementary education - Essay Example The two journals I analyze in this Paper are the American Education History Journal, Volume 31, and the Journal of Research in Character Education, Volume 6. The American Education History Journal, volume 31, was first published in 2004. One of its outspoken positive qualities is that it has several topics which can be viewed in its preview at no cost through the internet. Another positive quality is that it covers a wide range of topic related to elementary education most of which contain comprehensive information about research undertaken in this field (Watras 1). Moreover, its research surveys are not biased to any country thus making it a worldwide journal. However, the journal also has some negative qualities. One of its negative qualities is the inaccessibility of the full view of the journal only that makes the information available from this journal to be limited. Our other journal, the Journal of Research in Character Education, Volume 6, was published in 2008. It has severa l positive qualities, one of them being having the most recent information on current research on elementary education. Moreover, it has very few pages and short topics that are easy to read and comprehend. In addition, its content is not biased to any country and thus scholars regardless of their countries can use it. Furthermore, I can use its information, it contains most current information which is easy to relate with current situations of elementary education profession. However, this journal has very few pages in its preview.

The expression of human feelings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The expression of human feelings - Essay Example Without rejecting the role of violent films and readings in the development of aggressive behaviour, Jones notes that for children the involvement in - imaginary - violent activities is rather beneficial than catastrophic – under the terms highlighted in the particular article. The views of Jones on the potential benefits of violence for the psychology of children are presented to the public using a specific methodology: the extensive reference to the writer’s personal experiences – in various forms and dates, from his childhood up today – in regard to the issue under discussion. More specifically, in the beginning of the article, reference is made to the writer’s personal experiences in his childhood and emphasis is given on the fact that Marvel comics – especially Hulk – helped the writer to face his fears for socializing and taking initiatives. In the writer’s adulthood, Marvel comics, helped him to make an appropriate choice in terms of profession – and become a writer; moreover, it is noted that the reading of comics with violent scenes helped the writer’s son to overcome his fear for getting involved in risky games (such as the climbing of a tree). Furthermore, Jones refers to the views of Melanie Moore, a psychologist who has worked in the specific field; the writer also describes the findings of the research he made himself – having worked with children who faced behavioural problems. The methodology used by Jones regarding the presentation and the support of his views can be characterized as effective, having the advantage of the personal testimony on the issues involved. However, the writer does not refer to relevant findings of the literature – meaning the findings of the empirical research developed by researchers in regard to the specific issue – no reference is made to statistics or to the studies of academic researchers on the particular subject. Moreover, it could be argued that the interpretation of the findings of his research is influenced by his personal perceptions – especially his personal experiences, as described in the introductory paragraphs of his article. At this point, the credibility of the research of Jones could be doubted. In this context, it could be argued that Jones has not achieved to persuade the readers on the validity of the views promoted through his article – referring especially to the potential existence of benefits from offering to the children access to readings and scenes that promote violence. The above view is further analyzed below. At this point, the ideas promoted through the article of Jones should be criticized and evaluated. The use of violent readings (comics, books and so on) or of films/ games which include violent scenes as a tool for helping the natural aggression of children to be expressed should be re-considered. The findings of relevant research provided by Jones may lead to the assumption that such practice is effective for controlling the anger of children, however it is not guaranteed that the opposite results can be avoided. Moreover, each child has different perceptions on the notion of peace and violence – being influenced by the conditions in the family environment. The provision of access to the children to readings and games that refer to violent scenes could negatively

Information Managment Challenges for Ford Motor Company Research Paper - 1

Information Managment Challenges for Ford Motor Company - Research Paper Example This is a clear challenge for the new millennium, in which the drive to produce cleaner fuel and decrease dependence on foreign oil is huge. Thus, this paper will examine the challenges Ford faces by striving to create greener products, utilizing technology to create a better product and prove to consumers that the company promotes the ideals of a cleaner, healthier world. The Ford Motor Company has the second highest level of sales of automobiles in the United States, with a global presence in more than 500 companies across the globe. More importantly, the innovation that the company has dedicated themselves to accomplishing gives hope that dependency on fossil fuels might someday be a thing of the past. The manufacturing plants are tooled to be flexible, the vehicles that roll off of the assembly line geared toward the fuel option of the country of intended delivery, thus providing their customers with the best options available for fuel economy. As the company is award winning for their ethical policies and implementation of sustainability, the potential for collaborative efforts toward advancing automotive technology seems to be a real possibility within the company. When Henry Ford created the Model T automobile, it was the beginning of a revolution in industry. The philosophies of industrial management that came from his innovative thoughts on the sociological aspects of his business created changes in the way in which workers, business financial strategy and the machinery of work were integrated. Ford was born in 1863 in Detroit, Michigan. His father was from Ireland and his mother was born in Michigan from parents who were from Belgium. At the Edison Illumination Company, Ford was a chief engineer, but he was already working on the development of the gasoline engine. Once he developed the engine, he moved on to fully develop the Model T, build a manufacturing plant, and

Project Management Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Project Management Principles - Essay Example A typical project goes through a cycle. The standard cycle involves four phases – initiation, planning, execution and closure. In most cases changes are required to the initial plan and this involves a process of adaptation (See diagram of a six phase cycle in Appendix 2). The cycle starts with the initiation of the project during which time the scope and objectives of the project are determined. The Planning stage sets out the human resource plan, the financing plan, the communication plan, the risk management plan. After all the activities are determined and a schedule is prepared the project is implemented. If monitoring indicates that things are not going as planned then project manager needs to adapt, adjust the plan and implement the changes. The results are then checked against the project plan and if every thing is satisfactory and the objectives have been achieved then the project can be closed (RDI 2009). 1.1 Analysis of project phases This project involves the redesign of office space to accommodate new members of staff. Wysocki (2009) indicates that effective project management is not the product of a fixed set of steps to be followed in every project. However, effective project management requires that projects go through a series of steps that are clearly defined (RDI 2009). According to PM4DEV (2007) projects operate as part of a system and they involve a high level of uncertainty. Project phases are divisions within a project where additional controls are needed to effectively manage the completion of a major deliverable (PMI 2008, p. 18). By dividing the projects in several phases the project manager is able to integrate both internal and external factors in the planning process. It allows for proper control of the project and ensures that each phase is completed before moving to the next. The five major phases of a project are: identification of needs; formation of objectives and project definition; detaile d planning and scheduling; project activity management; and closure and feedback (RDI 2009). 1.1.1 Identification of n

Carbon dioxide emissions from existing housing stock Essay

Carbon dioxide emissions from existing housing stock - Essay Example The world community today has become increasingly conscious about the way we should treat our environment while carrying out routine jobs and business activities. The gaining popularity of green buildings, green technology and green standards of living are an indication towards the increasing consciousness for reducing the usage of substances harmful to the nature. The existing housing stock is another cause of worry for the environmentalist for couple of reasons. This study is an effort to look into the extent of carbon dioxide gases released by the housing stock and how some concerned citizens and organisations have taken up the task of minimising these emissions. Boardman (2007) contends that, "Of the homes we will inhabit in 2050, around 80 percent are already standing today and these have to be the main focus of carbon-reduction policies". This study is an effort to analyse the statement in right earnest and to understand the severity of the dangerous proportions it may acquire if we do not take the requisite steps for our future generations. In UK alone about a quarter of all carbon emissions are stated to be emanating out of the domestic building stocks1. This has resulted into efforts towards environment friendly housing. ... for Urban Design Information (RUDI) an independent body catering to the needs of researchers in the field of urban design and place-making, predicts that, UK might fall 'drastically short' of long-term targets towards reducing emissions without urgent action to cut carbon dioxide output from homes2. The Global Trends UK is not the only country facing the ill effects of carbon emissions. The Energy Information Administration, EIA (2008), a US government agency has come out with startling statistics pointing out the sources of carbon emissions in different parts of the world. As per the report from EIA titled, 'International Energy Outlook 2008', Carbon dioxide happens to be the most abundant anthropogenic (human-caused) greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Though studies point out that about 82 percent of the greenhouse gases are because of the energy consumption by the people and industries, but the EIA study points out that3 the building sector contributed to more than 48 percent of carbon emissions since 1990. This is an indication towards how the rapid pace of globalisation and industrialisation is adversely affecting the ecological balance around us. OECD, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, a group of 30 industrialised nations like USA, UK, Germany, Canada, Japan, Korea e tc, has been the torch-bearers of globalisation and industrial activities. The EIA report indicates that 'Carbon dioxide emissions per capita in the OECD economies are significantly higher than in the non-OECD economies (Figure). The figures indicate that if things continue with the existing pace the situation might be headed to uncertain times for the humanity. While the projected increase in the carbon emissions per capita is almost similar in OECD and non-OECD nations, the

Project Management Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Project Management Principles - Essay Example A typical project goes through a cycle. The standard cycle involves four phases – initiation, planning, execution and closure. In most cases changes are required to the initial plan and this involves a process of adaptation (See diagram of a six phase cycle in Appendix 2). The cycle starts with the initiation of the project during which time the scope and objectives of the project are determined. The Planning stage sets out the human resource plan, the financing plan, the communication plan, the risk management plan. After all the activities are determined and a schedule is prepared the project is implemented. If monitoring indicates that things are not going as planned then project manager needs to adapt, adjust the plan and implement the changes. The results are then checked against the project plan and if every thing is satisfactory and the objectives have been achieved then the project can be closed (RDI 2009). 1.1 Analysis of project phases This project involves the redesign of office space to accommodate new members of staff. Wysocki (2009) indicates that effective project management is not the product of a fixed set of steps to be followed in every project. However, effective project management requires that projects go through a series of steps that are clearly defined (RDI 2009). According to PM4DEV (2007) projects operate as part of a system and they involve a high level of uncertainty. Project phases are divisions within a project where additional controls are needed to effectively manage the completion of a major deliverable (PMI 2008, p. 18). By dividing the projects in several phases the project manager is able to integrate both internal and external factors in the planning process. It allows for proper control of the project and ensures that each phase is completed before moving to the next. The five major phases of a project are: identification of needs; formation of objectives and project definition; detaile d planning and scheduling; project activity management; and closure and feedback (RDI 2009). 1.1.1 Identification of n

Problem Solving Mini Project Report Essay Example for Free

Problem Solving Mini Project Report Essay 1.Introduction NTU students spend lots of time in tutorial rooms studying. However, the chairs in NTU tutorial rooms are uncomfortable. Seat pans and backrests are plastic and tables attached to right armrests are 20cm above the seat pans and too small to place taptops. Students complain about these chairs. According to our group’s survey, 70 of 72 SM2 students suffer backaches after long hours of writing sitting on the chairs. Since tables are fixed, most students are forced to bend down to write on the table for a long time, which puts a great strain on their backs and causes pain. Also, half students interviewed feel the illumination of rooms is inadequate. Therefore, we have modified the TR chairs to solve these problems. 2.Body 2.1 Criteria for solution The modified chairs should meet the following requirements: †¢Tables are adjustable and easy to fold; †¢Backrests support the back of the body; †¢Seatmats are soft; †¢Tables can generate light according to indoor lighting conditions; †¢Chairs are aesthetically pleasing; †¢Cost is low. 2.2 Description of the solution Our ‘wonderchairs’ are like glossy silver eggs made from hard glass-fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP). Chairs have three foldable layers with two wheels at the bottom. The top layer with one side stuffed with rayon can be flipped over as a backrest. The backrest is positioned at an angle of 100 °and stuffed with soft Rayon stuffing which supports the back of the body comfortably. The second layer serves as a table with a 22cm-radius, overcoming the existing defect of being too small which hinders comfortable writing. It can be easily lifted and pushed forward by 20cm by pulling or rotating a lever to suit a student’ personal need so that he can write comfortably on the table. The third layer is a relaxing 24cmÃâ€"24cm seat with a beige corduroy cover and Rayon stuffing. The tables can automatically generate light from LED lamps on the desktop. Lamps are 25cm sticks in a groove on the table when not working. By rotating them 90 °we connect the lamps to a circuit and they start working. Tables consist of three layers. The first is made from transparent GFRP to allow maximum light to pass through and be absorbed and turned into electricity by the photo-voltaic panel in the second layer. The second layer also contains a light sensor detecting lighting condition and accordingly adjusting the intensity of the lamp light. Powered by photo-voltaic panel, the lamp produces proper light according to the indoor illumination conditions. This ensures appropriate room lighting. The third layer is opaque GFRP to strengthen the table. The self-lighting system utilizes solar energy to create light, so it is energy-saving and environmentally-friendly. 2.3 Cost The wonderchairs have low cost and predict great potential for mass use in colleges. One chair: SG$ 1 (Rayon)1 SG$ 1 (Aluminum lever+wheels)2 SG$ 2 (GFRP)3 SG$ 2.5 (solar panel)4 SG$ 0.1 (light sensor)5 SG$ 1 (lamp)6 Total: SG$ 7.51 3 Conclusion Our wonderchairs are targeted at reducing present NTU TR chairs’ discomfort and harm to the human body. Their soft seatmats, supportive backrests and adjustable tables minimize backaches and maximize comfort levels for students. The lighting system provides appropriate light. Their revolutionary egg-shaped design also appeals to students. Moreover, they are cheap enough to be used on a great scale and their use can be extended to homes and offices to benefit more people.

Social Media Benefits In Education English Language Essay

Social Media Benefits In Education English Language Essay In todays technological environment, it is important that teachers try their best to make use of this innovative technology. As explained by Thaker, this technology can be used to facilitate communication between the students and the teachers. However, this new form of communication can also help parents in getting involved in the learning of their children. One way of enhancing this communication is through the use of social media (Bienstock, 2012) (Thaker, 2011). There are a number of social networking sites that can be used. Facebook  [1]  , Twitter  [2]  , Edmodo  [3]  , LinkedIn  [4]  , Twiducate  [5]  , Classroom 2.0  [6]  and Google+  [7]  are just few of the existent social media that one can make use of in education. These media are being constantly used by almost everyone on everyday basis. The results obtained from Pingdom (2012) on the demographics of 24 different social media sites show that these media are being used by different persons in different age groups. In fact, the study shows that even teenagers are making use of such media (Pingdom, 2012). However, one might argue, should we use such media in education, even though we know of the problems and issues related to such media? However others might reason that we cannot just eliminate the use of such a valuable and easily accessible resource. Bienstock (2012) makes reference to the New York Times article in which Ms. Pust states I think that we would do more good keeping kids safe by teaching them how to use these tools and navigate this online world rather than locking it down and pretending that it is not in our realm. (Preston, 2011 in Bienstock, 2012) In the following sections, we will discuss the advantages that social media offers in the area of education. However, we are also going to point out the problems that these media might present and how to cope and manage them. Social Media Benefits in Education Students Develop communication skills students can gain social confidence from online interaction, which may help them feel more secure in new situations Increase skill in technology students become more familiar with new and emerging technologies, as well as increase their media literacy through exposure to many different types of online media Since many students already use these forms of technology, they may be more engaged in learning if they utilize it Online communities can be very diverse and expose students to many new view points, ideas, and opinions Social media can also be a source to increase talent to work on group projects Students can develop an optimistic image of themselves by putting best qualities out there Enhanced Collaboration acquiring information can be accomplished by students alone. But problem-solving skills are often better enhanced in a collaborative environment. Social media allow students to work together on projects beyond an individuals capability Teachers and Schools Increased access to resources since learning materials can be shared Collaboration amongst teachers and exchanging of lesson plans and information Can reach parents who are incapable to come to school in a cheap and effective way Can form partnerships with schools in other states or countries Enhanced Flipping Social media can be used to enhance the teacher-student relationship. Students view recorded lectures or read curricular material outside the classroom. Inside the classroom, students complete what usually qualifies as homework. Teachers act as tutors, helping students through problem areas in their work. Modernize Discussions through social media teacher can credit students for in-class participation. This requires teacher to monitor which students are speaking up when. Communicate Between Classes Teachers can send out announcements, share ideas or pose questions to pupils, especially when classes are spaced several days apart. How well are schools using social media? (Harrison, 2012) Successes Challenges Making safe communities some sites allow teachers to control online environments thus reducing dangers associated with social media Lack of knowledge a schools social media account should be managed by someone who understands social media Encouraging collaboration students can critique and comment on each others assignments. They can easily work in teams online and asking teachers questions or starting a discussion is easy Lack of features lack of engagement for students can make them feel as if the school doesnt care. Features should include one-on-one connection Invitation to produce content social media can invite students and schools to produce content for both enrolled and prospective students. This can show the schools personality More than a presence a social media profile requires daily maintenance and interaction with students The NCF (Ministry of Education, Employment and Family 2011) argues that literacy, numeracy and digital literacy are the foundations for further learning. Our students are digital natives whether we like it or not. For us as teachers we have to accept this and exploit it to deliver the subject content to our students. Students and Social Media Our students are continuously communicating through social media, in Malta the most popular one being Facebook. Can we stop this? No we can not as out students are equipped with laptops, tablets, iPads, smartphones all providing easier access to social networks. Introducing social media in education is not an easy step, as mentioned before students are continuously using it with most of them ignoring the possible consequences. When the topic is approached only on a theoretical level students think that it will never happen to them, for them there is nothing wrong uploading any kind of photos to appear cool with their friends. They can not perceive that once a photo is available on the Internet is available to anybody even though they select the Only Friends option. Social Media Problems and How to Minimise Them? The only way to deal with this problem is through educational videos that illustrate various situations which teenagers found themselves in because they didnt know it could happen to them. A teacher can start by showing these two videos http://viewpure.com/nOUu1fldBbI and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hK5OeGeudBMfeature=channel and discuss a set of questions with the students to elicit important points from both videos; the uploading of photos, anyone can watch your photos without you being aware of it. Students need to be educated towards social media. They have a tool in their hands, they think of knowing how to use it but most of them dont. Teachers and parents have to understand we cannot stop the social media hype. We as teachers have to educate about this tool. What can go wrong? Many students ask the questions: What can go wrong? These are some of the answers that we as educators need to provide: Cyberbullying (CEOP, 2007):: By using technology like mobiles or the internet, this type of bullying can affect someone not just at school, but at home as well. Because it takes place in the virtual world, it has a 24/7 nature and can make someone feel upset or threatened in their own home. Students should be educated that this kind of bullying can be evidenced. With cyber bullying they can save text/emails/WebPages, print them and used as a proof to catch the bully. Sexting: Someone taking an indecent image of themselves, and sending it to their friends or boy/girlfriend via a mobile phone or some other form of technology is sometimes referred to as sexting. Once these images have been taken and sent to others, control is lost of them and they can end up anywhere.   They could be seen by friends and family, a future employer, or even, in some cases, end up in the possession an offender! This also puts that person who originally sent the images in a vulnerable position (CEOP, 2007):, as somebody they may or may not know now has these images and could use technology to bully, harass or even try to locate them as seen in the videos. Students have to be educated to think Do I want my schoolmates to see these photos, my family? Hacking: Students should always choose the Log Out option so their account can not be hacked. False Identity: People arent always honest with who they are, their age or what they look like. Students have to be share of whom they are confirming as a friend. It is very easy to lie on the Internet and there is no way of knowing if someone is telling the truth. Even if someone shows them a photo of themselves, this could be a picture of someone else or could be faked. This applies to webcam or video footage too; seeing a person in a video, does not mean it is them. Students have to be educated not to meet people they encountered over the Internet. Addiction: One has to be aware of the time and effort spent in establishing connections. It is very easy to become addicted, for some, these sites become one of the major concerns (CEOP, 2007). This can have adverse effects on a persons ability to work efficiently and affects ones health as well. Sometimes the best lesson to educate our students is not through theory but providing them with actual facts. For example this article http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2201064/Man-murders-girl-16-testify-raping-years-agolured-death-posing-teen-Facebook.html narrates the story of a girl killed by her rapist before she could testify against him. He posed as a teenage boy on Facebook and told Shania Gray (the victim) he had a crush on her and they agreed to meet. He took her to a secluded park and shot her (Pullman, 2012). Everyone has a Facebook account why shouldnt I? Our society, educators, parents cannot hide from the reality that social media are part of our culture. The future generation are approaching their lives differently as they integrate digital technologies- such as computers, the Internet, instant messaging, cell phones and e-mail throughout their daily activities. As educators we can propose the following simple but effective SMART Rules (UK Safer Internet Centre, 2012): Keep your personal information like address, mobile number safe. Make students think this question If I meet a stranger on the street would I give him my mobile number? The same reasoning has to be applied to a stranger met on the Internet. Dont Meet Up. Social networks can be a place to encounter with new people. Students must always know who you are talking to. If an adult they do not know asks them to meet up, they have to be educated to say no. Accepting (UK Safer Internet Centre, 2012): Educate students to think before they accept something from someone over the Internet as it might contain viruses with the sole purpose to steal information from someones computer used by a hacker to keep data on people perhaps engaged by paedophiles. If students do not know from whom it is and it has an attachment, they have to delete it. Reliable (UK Safer Internet Centre, 2012): Not everyone online can be trusted. Older men tend to lie about their age and who they are to meet female adolescents. This is a point we as educators need to stress onto; students have to know who they are talking to. Tell (UK Safer Internet Centre, 2012): Students should not be afraid of talking if someone is harassing or stalking them over the Internet. They have to talk with their parents, or a guidance teacher or any other trusted adult if someone makes them worried or uncomfortable online. Moreover if a student knows about a friend who has these kinds of problems he/she has to tell someone. It is not betraying him/her friends trust, it is helping and in some cases saving his/her friend. The Issue of No Physical Interaction Social media is a medium that enables communication between people from all over the world through the use of technology. Such interaction can be done from the comfort of your own home and this can facilitate the process tremendously. Some may argue that social media may present a challenge since the students are unable to socialise properly. This may be due to the fact that the interaction between peers is not presented in a physical manner. On the other hand, social media allows people to meet in ways that otherwise would have not been possible. Social media not only allows easier communication but eliminates the issue of geographical barriers. It allows students to form and (Tomaszewski, 2012) (Connolly, 2011) (Williams, 2011)maintain friendships, that otherwise would have been difficult or impossible. Such friendships allow students to learn and interact with other cultures other than their own. It allows wider knowledge sharing from people all over the world. Such interaction would not have been possible or would have been difficult and more costly if it had to be done physically. Therefore, when used with properly and with caution, social media allows not only learning to occur, but also friendships and knowledge sharing to take place. Avoid these when using Social Media We do not want more rules but as any other important tool Social Media should be used responsibly. We are in the day and age, were Social Media is used all the time by everyone and this is the main reason why we should be careful of what we do. We should educate our students how to use Social Media sites responsibly. These are a few rules, which if applied, help us appreciate the power of Social Media when used in the classroom. Post Illegal Activities Although your profile may be set to private there are other ways and means how this content can become public and be view by anyone on the web. Once public, it will be impossible to remove that content from the internet. Trash Your Teachers Bullying can also include interactions done on posts where teachers or school administration are mentioned. This can be a grave offence even if certain things may seem harmless to who posted them. Post Objectionable Content from School Computers or Networks Do not use the school computers to post objectionable information. Some school networks can track this activity. Post Confidential Information This is very important as already mentioned before everyone can see the information you post so be careful not to post any personal information where people can track you. Overly Specific Location Check-Ins Do not use Social Media to say that you are home alone or in a remote location this will help even persons who are not willing to help to find you. Lie/Cheat/Plagiarize If a lie is shared on Social Media it is most probably that everyone will get to know. There can also be investigations regarding cheating and plagiarism. Threaten Violence When a threat is posted online even if anonymous, there will be investigations by the police and eventually will trace the offender. Ignore School-Specific Policies Always abide by the policy of your school regarding Social Media. Unprofessional Public Profiles Students should be thoughtful of what to post online. Certain content might not be acceptable for an employer, who in the near future might go through ones profile. Do not say or put anything on your profile which you do not want a future employer to see. Never Rely on Privacy Settings 100% Students should never rely on privacy settings over good judgment,  [8]  says social media specialist, Andrew Moravick. Some Social Media networks have very good privacy settings but some are updated very often and not everyone can keep track. Post Emotionally Do not post anything on Social Media when feeling emotional about something. Thing may seem very different when analyzing the same scenario when feeling calm. As we can see, these are very simple rules students and everyone using Social Media can follow. We just have to keep in mind that anything posted irresponsibly on Social Media networks can have very negative effects. Conclusion So far experts remind us that there are clear dos and donts for integrating social media in the classroom. Social technologies are here to stay and it is import to help students learn how to used social media. Guide students in how to think deliberately about their use and consider the outcomes of proper and improper use of social media. This goal can be appropriately reached when teacher have received appropriate training on the use of social media. Full backing and support of the school administration is mandatory to fulfill this objective. Turning social media into an educational tool can be used to further a students education and enrich it.

Who is Barbra Jordan? Essay -- essays research papers

Barbara Jordan The book "Barbara Jordan" is about a politician/humanitarian Barbara Jordan. Barbara Charline Jordan was born on Febuary 21,1936. In 1953, Barbara Jordan graduated from Phillis Wheatly High school; from there; she went on to Texas Southern University where she graduated magna cum laude. She then continued her education at Boston University Law School. Afterward she returned to Texas to work for a judge in Harris County. In 1960, she worked for the campaign to nominate John F. Kennedy as the Democratic Party's presidential candidate. In 1962, Ms. Jordan ran for Texas House of Representatives where she lost the election. However, she did not lost her determination and she ran again in 1964 for Texas House where she lost again. Nevertheless, that still did not make her give up hope. In 1966, Barbara Jordan was elected to Texas Senate, becoming the states first black senator since 1883. She authored the state's first successful minimum-wage bill and pushed for civil rights legislation. Ms. Jordan served two terms as a senator. Ms. Jordan then proceeded to set another record becoming the first black woman the head any American State Government as she served as governor for a day. Ms. Jordan then was assigned to the House of Judiciary Committee, where she earned national attention for her articulate speech in favor of impeaching President Richard M. Nixon (196...

Cocaine and the Nervous System Essay examples -- Drug Drugs Coke Cocai

Cocaine and the Nervous System All drugs have a negative effect on the nervous system, but few can match the dramatic impact of cocaine. Cocaine is one of the most potent, addictive, and unpredictable recreational drugs, and thus can cause the most profound and irreversible damage to the nervous system. The high risk associated with cocaine remains the same regardless of whether the drug is snorted, smoked, or injected into the user ¡Ã‚ ¯s bloodstream. In addition to the intense damage cocaine can cause to the liver, intestines, heart, and lungs, even casual use of the drug will impair the brain and cause serious damage to the central nervous system. Although cocaine use affects many components of the body, including vision and appetite, the most significant damage cause by cocaine takes place in the brain and central nervous system. Spanish explorers first observe South American natives chewing the cocoa leaf, from which cocaine is derived, when they arrived on the continent in 16th century. The South Americans chewed these cocoa leaves in order to stay awake for longer periods of time. Centuries after this initial discovery, Albert Neiman isolated cocaine from the cocoa leaf in 1860. Neiman used this extraction as an anesthetic. Over the ensuing years, cocaine use became increasingly common and was even sanctioned by doctors, who prescribed the drug to aid recovering alcoholics. Cocaine was even a key ingredient in such popular beverages as Coca- Cola. It was not until the long-term health problems associated with cocaine use emerged that the public realized that the drug was harmful and highly addictive (2). Cocaine is a versatile drug which can be ingested in a variety of ways. In its purest form, coc... ...te an artificial high. Cocaine can cause serious damage to the nervous system, as it eats away chunks of the brain and increases blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature, often for the rest of the addict ¡Ã‚ ¯s life. Sources Cited: 1)Drug information: Cocaine http://www.theantidrug.com/drug_info/drug_info_cocaine.asp 2)Cocaine http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/coca.html 3)The Effects of Cocaine on the Developing Nervous System https://cognet.mit.edu/login/?return_url=%2Flibrary%2Ferefs%2Fnelson%2Fn33%2Fabstract.html 4)The Physical Effects of Cocaine http://www.shesinrecovery.com/addiction/cocaineeffects.html 5)As a Matter of Fact http://www.well.com/user/woa/fscoke.htm 6)Crack and Cocaine http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/cocaine.html 7)Cocaine Brain Damage may be Permanent http://www.healthy.net/asp/templates/news.asp?Id=6376

Contradictions on the “Tell-Tale Heart’ by Edgar Allen Poe Essay

 §One contradiction that the perceptive reader catches is the following. The narrator first tells us that he spies on the old man at night. He eerily stares at the old man while he sleeps: â€Å"It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed† (Poe 291). This clearly implies that the narrator can see his future victim: â€Å"I could see him as he lay upon his bed.† But then the narrator tells us that although the victim awakes startled, the narrator simply stood his ground in the doorway since â€Å"His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness†¦and so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Poe 292). This implies that the room and hallway are pitch black, which means that neither the victim nor the predator can see anything – without light. So the narrator can both see and not see his victim. This carefully concealed contradiction shows that the narration itself is unstable, just as the narrator’s mind is.  §Another contradiction can be found in the second paragraph of the story. The narrator says, â€Å"It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain† (Poe 290). This suggests that the narrator was clueless as to how he thought up of the idea of killing the old man. It is saying that it was not his decision, and implying that he was never thinking about it. Later in the paragraph though, he says â€Å"by degrees–very gradually–[he] made up [his] mind to take the life of the old man† (Poe 290). This contradicts the previous quote. First, he says that it was not his decision, but in the latter quote, the narrator tells the audience that â€Å"[he] made up [his] mind to take the life of the old man.† Surely, even the narrator himself was confused.  §The narrator says that when he was spying on the old man, he â€Å"thrust in [his] head† (Poe 291). By definition, thrust means to push or drive quickly and forcibly. The reader gets an image of the narrator passing through the threshold abruptly. For â€Å"cunningly [he] thrust it in† (Poe 291). The next line contradicts this statement for he says he â€Å"moved it slowly–very, very slowly, so that [he] might not disturb the old man’s sleep† (Poe 291). Now, the reader sees an image of the narrator peeking through gradually and quietly, so that the waking of the old man could be avoided. In fact, he did  it so slowly that â€Å"it took [him] an hour to place [his] whole head within the opening† (Poe 291). Taking an hour to put a head through a doorway truly is a long time, indicating that he could not have thrust his head through the doorway. Thrusting his head in to spy on the old man and doing it â€Å"very, very slowly† very m uch contradicts each other.  §The narrator describes what the old man is feeling and thinking of when he was startled at the eighth night. â€Å"His fears had been ever since growing upon him† (Poe 292). One can picture the old man very afraid, not knowing what to do. Contrastingly, the narrator says that the old man â€Å"had been saying to himself–‘It is nothing but the wind in the chimney–it is only a mouse crossing the floor†¦it is merely a cricket which has made a single chirp'† (Poe 292). It seems as if the old man is saying this with confidence, and without fear. This implies that the old man is not scared at all. He does not even worry for he believes that it is nothing but merely a noise created by nature. Additionally, the narrator says that the old man â€Å"had been trying to comfort himself with these suppositions† (Poe 292). Now, the narrator goes back in saying that the old man is in fact scared, for he is trying to find comfort. The narrator basica lly said that the old man is scared, then not scared, and finally, scared again.  §The narrator speaks of the eye of the old man that bothered him. He describes it as â€Å"a dull blue, with a hideous veil over it† (Poe 293). He describes it as if it is something weak, without strength, for it cannot even tell when a beam of light is on it, as the narrator did every night, for eight consecutive nights. Near the end of the story, the narrator says that it is something else, again a contradiction. â€Å"No human eye–not even his–could have detected any thing wrong† (Poe 294). This indicated that there is a power that the eye possesses. If a normal human eye, already with great â€Å"power,† could not detect anything wrong, surely a dull eye with â€Å"a hideous veil over it† cannot do any better. The narrator though gives power to the eye because he puts the old man’s eye in a higher position than that of a normal human eye. Even the emphasis on the word â€Å"his† through the means of italics says that the narrator is saying that the eye holds power. Irrational human drives such as obsession, paranoia, the desire to destroy and other mental psychoses such as these cannot be rationally explained. It is quite complicated and even an in depth analysis of these themes is close to impossible. One cannot really explain someone’s obsession, simply because no one knows what is actually going on in the obsessed mind, other than the obsessed himself. It is unlikely that I would be able to explain the very brain activity of the obsessed. Even if I ask questions or experiment on him, I would not be able to comprehend it all. Similarly, attempts of discovering the foundation of paranoia are difficult. Perhaps it is the many factors that contribute to this. In the end, it all leads to in depth analysis that would only uncover irrational and illogical reasons as to how one became paranoid, as it also is with how one became obsessed. The narrator of the story attempts to redeem himself by saying that he is not a madman. In explaining everything, he believes that he is in fact rational. The story, though, full of contradictions, proves that the narrator is unstable, and all the explanations in the world could not unravel the mysteries of obsession and paranoia.

Childhood as key role in our life Essay

Childhood plays a key role in our life, actually our character and personality builds up in childhood. Besides, we as adults have a lot of concern and we should face many stressful situations like finding jobs, getting married and so on, On the other hand, children are free of all them. I do agree with the statement which childhood is the happiest time in person’s life, I explain more about as follows. First, adults, they have a lot of responsibility. For instance I as mother and wife not only do I have to take care of my children and house but also I have to work as a teacher. Therefore, I am so busy but ,when I was a child my most concern was game. I just play with my friends all the time. I do not have any responsibility. I believe that childhood is the happiest time because you are care free, so children enjoy their life without any stress. They are not worry about the future. Second, as an adult I am happy in some especial events. see more:speech on role of teacher in student life For example when I get promotion in my carrier or when I get high salary I feel happy, but children do not have big expectations they satisfy with toys and friends. I can remember when I was a child everything were new for me I ask about anything which I saw. child finds out what a beautiful, amazing world. I was just curious I wanted to discover new things, I can remember what a amazing time was when I saw sheep for the first time. Everything which seems usual and rotin but that time everything were new and wonderful. Taking everything into consideration, childhood is happiest time because children are care free and they do not have any responsibility besides everything are new and strange to children . their most concern is play and find out and understand new things.